Jonas Salk and the Polio Vaccine Essay example - 554 Words

Dr. Jonas Salk was an American medical researcher, physician, and virologist who developed the first safe and effective polio vaccine. Before this vaccine was created, polio vaccines usually contained live, weakened forms of the virus, but Salk developed a vaccine that contained an inactivated, dead form of polio, the first of its kind. Until the Salk vaccine was introduced on April 12, 1955, polio was considered the most frightening health problem in the United Sates. Just 3 years before the vaccine was released, almost 58,000 cases were reported, with 3,145 deaths and 21,269 paralyzed. Most of the victims were children, leaving them scarred for the rest of their lives, which, depending on how bad they were affected, wasn’t long. Because†¦show more content†¦He and a Dr. Thomas Francis Jr. eventually perfected a vaccine that was soon used on army bases. But Salk wanted position where he could direct his own lab, and he finally found one at the University Of Pittsburg h School Of Medicine, where he continued to research flu vaccines. It was at this point that he was approached by the director of research at the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, a project established by FDR to eradicate polio. The director asked Salk if he wanted to join the project, and he quickly accepted the offer. Poliomyelitis, or polio, was a viral disease that had researchers baffled for years. It would enter the body orally, establish itself in the intestines, and affect the nerves, then travelled to the brain, usually leading to partial or full paralysis. It was the most serious public health problem of postwar America, claiming more victims than any other disease of that time. Yet it did not gain national attention until FDR was diagnosed in 1921. At the age of 39, older than most diagnosed with the disease, Roosevelt was left with severe paralysis, and spent most of his presidency in a wheelchair. When Salk first joined the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (NFIP) in 1948, he was tasked with researching and confirming how many types of polio there were. To help him, the NFIP paid for additional space, equipment, and researchers in his lab. The NFIP was formed in 1938,Show MoreRelatedThe Polio Vaccine Through The Eyes Of Its Creator1218 Words   |  5 Pagesan informative interview with Jonas Salk. It told the story of the creation of the polio vaccine through the eyes of its creator. Salk also describes his childhood and the events that lead up to his medical breakthrough. Latour, Bruno , Steve Woolgar, and Jonas Salk. Introduction. Laboratory Life. 1986.Reprint. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986. 11. Print. It showed the way that Jonas Salk studied polio and how he came to the conclusion that the vaccine was correct. He also taught thatRead MoreThe Polio Vaccine Essay1082 Words   |  5 PagesThe Polio Vaccine The discovery of the polio vaccine was an important medical and scientific breakthrough because it saved many lives since the 1950s. In the summer of 1916 the great polio epidemic struck the United states. By the 1950s hundreds of thousands of people had been struck by the poliomyelitis. The highest number of cases occurred in 1953 with over 50,000 people infected with the virus. When hygienic conditions were poor polio attacked infants. The disease was spread by contaminatedRead MorePolio Vaccine : An Infectious Disease1028 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"A 1916 Polio epidemic in the United States killed 6,000 people and paralyzed 27,000 more† (â€Å"Polio Vaccine†). This lead to the creation of the polio vaccine that has helped to prevent polio for a very long time. The IPV and OPV vaccines played a huge role in all of this. Jonas Salk, who created the IPV vaccine and Albert Sabin, who created the OPV vaccine saved millions of people all around the world from polio (Petersen, Jennifer B). The IPV and OPV polio vaccine helped eliminate polio from theRead MoreThe Epidemic Of The Polio Virus1639 Words   |  7 Pagesthe deadly polio virus plaguing America. From 1937 to 1952, known cases of Americans contracting polio skyrocketed from ten thousand to a staggering figure of roughly fifty-seven thousand cases. Of those cases within that time peri od, approximately one thousand five hundred deaths as a result of polio were recorded. In the year 1953, The National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis provided the scientist Dr. Jonas Salk with the tools necessary to research, and develop a working vaccine to combatRead MoreAnalysis Of Jonas Salk And The Conquest Of Polio2454 Words   |  10 PagesSection One: Critical Summary over Splendid Solution: Jonas Salk and the Conquest of Polio: Jeffrey Kluger is a number one New York Times bestseller for his coauthoring of Apollo 13, but Splendid Solution: Jonas Salk and the Conquest of Polio, much like the name suggests, is the story of Jonas Salk and his great contribution to society with the polio vaccine. Kluger walks through Jonas Salk’s life starting with his father and mother, what they did, how they lived, and where they were from. KlugerRead MorePolio Is An Incapacitating And Potentially Fatal Infectious Virus1378 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Polio? Poliomyelitis, commonly referred to as Polio, is an incapacitating and potentially fatal, infectious virus. Although it is rare to see someone suffering from the disease, in some countries, such as Nigeria, Pakistan, and Afghanistan, the virus still exists. (Kids Health 1) Before the first vaccine was created, Polio was a threat to all Americans across the nation. The dangerous virus attacked people from all age ranges and left permanent damage on all of its victims. Luckily, at theRead MoreThe Discovery Of The Polio Vaccine1963 Words   |  8 Pagesdiscovery of the Polio vaccine will be discussed and broken down into deeper thought on why and how it was discovered. Poliomyelitis is an infectious disease that reached epidemic levels in the mid twentieth century. People that were unfortunate to receive this disease faced hardships including fevers, sore throat and vomiting(Allaby). These are just symptoms but Polio can be a vicious disease leaving their patients paralyzed. The majority of people who are diagnosed with Polio don’t get paralyzedRead MoreThe Rampage of Polio2713 Words   |  11 PagesHitler, and they were afraid of polio. A disease as indiscriminate as a nuclear bomb, it struck young and old, rich and poor, white and black. It caused fear and hysteria, confusion and anger, paralysis, and even death. By this time the United States had endured smallpox, cholera, yellow fever, and tuberculosis; but it had nev er experienced a wide-spread epidemic of a disease that seemed to specifically target children before the twentieth century. Although polio effects people of all agesRead MoreEssay on Polio Vaccine633 Words   |  3 Pages(shortened to polio) has been around for thousands of years, and there is still no cure, but at the peak of its devastation in the United States, Dr. Jonas Salk introduced a way to prevent it. Polio attacks the nerve cells and sometimes the central nervous system, causing muscle wasting, paralysis, and even death. The disease, whose symptoms are flu like, stuck mostly children, and in the first half of the 20th century the epidemics of polio were becoming more devastating. Salk, while workingRead MoreThe Conquest of Polio, a Story of Rivalry and Success Essay2072 Words   |  9 PagesAs recently at the 1950s, polio was a common disease in the United States. nbsp;It was first detected as early as 1789 when doctors recorded small outbreaks of an odd disease accompanied by fever, paralysis and a tendency to attack children. nbsp;It wasnt until the summer of 1916, however, that the public began to pay attention. nbsp;Twenty-seven thousand people were paralyzed that summer from polio, with most of the victims being children. nbsp;This is why the disease was called infantile

The Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins - 1497 Words

The Hunger Games By:Annie Refsland The Hunger Games is how the world is pictured to be in the future. The book is written by Suzanne Collins. It is exciting, adventurous, and romantic. It is realistically North America, but they call it Panem. Panem is split up into twelve different districts, and then there is the Capital. They have a reaping ceremony every year to decide which girl and boy from each district will be chosen to be the tributes for that year the Hunger Games. The Hunger Games are put on by the Capital. The reason they put are put on yearly is to remind the twelve districts that there were. The book is based off of a girl named Katniss Everdeen. She is sixteen years old and she lives in District 12.She has a mother and a younger sister named Prim. District 12 is known for their coal mines. District 12 is not fortunate District, it is poorly taken care of and they don’t get luxuries of foods, and technology. The book starts when Katniss goes hunting with her best friend, Gale. They went hunting the morning of the reaping. For the reaping ceremony when you are of certain age you must put your name in for the chance to be a tribute. It was Prim’s first year to have to put her name in. Of course, Prim is the person that was selected. Katniss automatically volunteers herself as tribute instead of Prim. The male tribute that was chosen from District 12 was Peeta Mellark. He is the baker’s son and is a kind, well-hearted young man. When Katniss was saying herShow MoreRelatedThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins3246 Words   |  13 PagesStudy Unit The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins and Steven Galloway’s The Cellist of Sarajevo demonstrates the way in which people are affected by war, and a brutal dictatorship. The authors illustrates the main purpose for writing their novel through the use of imagery, characterization, foreshadowing, flashback, similes, and symbolism. Suzanne Collins and Steven Galloway use imagery and characterization to vividly describe the effects and outcomes of war and dictatorship. Suzanne Collins portrays,Read MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins1352 Words   |  6 PagesThe movie or the book the Hunger Games came out with a bang when it first hit theaters or the shelves of the bookstores. It was dubbed as one of the best films or books to read, interestingly enough it was a remake of the stories or myths most people heard when they were younger, but modernized and turned into a collage of all the best roman and Greek stories. Suzanne Collins brilliantly combined the Greek and Roman influences to make the movie/book unforgettable. By using stories from the romansRead MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collin899 Words   |  4 Pages Suzanne Collin’s â€Å"Hunger Games† seems to be about a dystopian society struggle to become a utopia. However, when the readers read further in to the book or watches the movie one can see that is about all the characters that make use human. As human, we feel the need to build an ethical framework based on our needs for authority rather than tradition. The Capitol in the Hunger Games exploits human needs to keep authority in place. After rising seas and poverty consumed much of the land, the CapitolRead MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins1419 Words   |  6 Pagesemotional atmosphere within a dystopian state, there exists an absence of feeling which competes for dominance. Suzanne Collins’ demonstrates this competing apathetic mood in her novel, The Hunger Games, through the citizens of the divided dystopia of Panem. This essay will analyze the origins and influence of apathy on a people and an individual, in both a political and personal sense. Collins’ main argument, that citizens’ facing governmental oppression can either become compliant with apathy, or, insteadRead MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins854 Words   |  4 PagesIn a place where poverty is prevalent and a country is ruled b y a tyrannical dictator is it possible for an individual to trust others when their own life is always at stake? In the book The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins, the main character Katniss Everdeen is a survivor. In the novel she is put into an arena to compete against twenty-three other tributes to the death. This is not the only time during which she has to fend for herself; at home she had to care for her family and keep them aliveRead MoreThe Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins710 Words   |  3 Pages‘’The hunger games’’ is a novel written by Suzanne Collins, published in 2008. The genre of the book is thriller/survival, and is written over 27 chapters with 454 pages. In this analysis, I will tell you about how the main character Katniss changes through the novel, and tell you a little about the central characters that plays an important role for her. ‘’The Hunger Games’’, is set in the future in the country Panem, and is about the sixteen-year-old girl, Katniss Everdeen. Panem is divided intoRead MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins3514 Words   |  15 PagesThe Hunger Games is a science fiction, dystopian post-apocalyptic series that takes place in a futuristic North American nation called Panem. The film series is based on the novel series of the same title written by Suzanne Collins. Many who watch the films view them as an action-packed adventure series, but The Hunger Games, like many other dystopian films, feature social and political subjects that relate back to past and present culture. Dystopian films like the Hunger Games provide messages,Read MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins986 Words   |  4 PagesThe Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins is about a sixteen year old girl named Katniss and how she needs to fight for her life. The Hunger Games takes place in an arena in the Capitol of Pa nem. There are 24 tributes, two from each District. The games were created to punish the Twelve Districts for trying to create an uprising against the Capitol. Suzanne Collins book could be compared to the United States and how people obsess with the way they look, discrimination is still occurring, and how the governmentRead MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins1487 Words   |  6 PagesMy first text is The Hunger Games which is written by Suzanne Collins and it was written in September 14 2008; was set in the future, around the year 2087. My second text which is 1984, which is written by George Orwell and was written on Wednesday June 8 1949 and it was set in 1948. There are many themes in the book hunger games such as ‘the inequality between rich and poor’, ‘suffering as environment’ and ‘the importance of appearances’. In 1984 there is also many themes portrayed such as ‘theRead MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins2436 Words   |  10 PagesThe Hunger Games is a science fiction and adventure film, based on the novel written by Suzanne Collins, which explores concepts of Marxism and numerous aspects of its principles through the dystopian world of Panem. The Hunger Games follows Marxist theories on bourgeoisie and proletariat class structure as well as capitalist production and the distribution of good. Thelma and Louise, a 1991 film directed by Ridley Scott, is often referred to by critics as â€Å"the ultimate feminist film†. This film

A Report on International Marketing

Question: Write a report on International Marketing? Answer: Introduction Todays economy is a globalized economy, and, as a result, international marketing plays a very important role in the business scenario of the world as a whole. International marketing is also accompanied by strategic alliances which includes mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures etc. and as a result helps in the growth of the market share and hence the business as a whole and also increases the profit margins. In case of loss also the amount can be shared by the companies that merge together. The proceeding report consists of a detailed analysis of the growth of the business of luxury fashion accessories in the global market, and an analysis of the prospective potential markets, with special reference to the Chinese market as it has the maximum expected growth in this particular business. A swot analysis of the particular business in the overseas market has been done in addition to the PESTEL analysis of the Chinese market, which also helps in formulating marketing strategies and oth er future plans for the company. Market entry strategies and market mix has been recommended for the business of luxury fashion accessories in the market of China. Graphical analysis has also been done about the future estimates of the market of a China relating to the demand for the market of luxury goods (PukoriÃ…Â «tÄ— and Zitkus, 2013). Some marketing mix strategies have been recommended which should be implemented by the new company and will be helpful in framing marketing strategies to enter the new proposed market and to expand and develop the new business. Swot Analysis A swot analysis of the new business of luxury fashion accessories with a particular focus on overseas growth (Smith, n.d.) - Strengths High quality of goods Good marketing communication channels Monetary possessions Growing market weakness Not well-known in the overseas market Lack of innovative products Position of the market Competition Opportunity To expand the business and become a well known global brand To increase the market share To maximize profits Strategic alliance through mergers, acquisitions, etc. Threats Probability of rise in the prices of the raw material Chinese economic bubble Inflation Recession Presence of substitute products An Evaluation Of The Market Potential With the growth of technology and internet an increased growth is noticed in the world of online marketing especially for the womens luxury fashion accessories and in the near future it is expected to grow from 3% to 17% of the total global market, especially in the markets of the west and is expected to grow exceptionally in the market of China. The other prospective potential market includes US and Germany with an expected growth of 17% and 12% respectively, while the growth percentage of China is expected to be 70% (Walley and Li, 2014). Pestel Analysis Of The Proposed Market China The market of luxury fashion accessories is growing year after year in China with the growing demand and preferences for the same day by day. A graphical analysis of the growth in luxury consumption in China as follows - Year Currency In Billion Pounds 2007 4.5 2008 5.9 2009 7.1 2010 9.2 Fig 1- Growth of luxury consumption in China Source:- (LI, 2012) The reason behind the growth of the luxury fashion accessories market or the growth of luxury consumption is the increase in the income level of the people of China, which has resulted in the per capita income of the country as well; as a result the demand of the luxury goods is estimated to increase in the future. The following graph indicates the growth in the demand for luxury goods in Chinese market in future Fig 2 Demand estimates of Chinese luxury goods Source: - (LI, 2012) The micro environmental factors can be analyzed in brief using the analysis method of PESTEL, which is stated as follows Political factors plays a very important role in the business world of China. The government of China has made changes in the rules and regulations to promote business in China. The government of China is now laying emphasis on the growth and development of e-commerce (Salonen, 2011). Economical China has a significant growth rate in the economy over the last few years, but it is uncertain that the trend will remain the same in the future as well that is there is a probability that the rate will slow down in the near future and the probable causes are supposed to be the rise in the rate of inflation and the rise in the prices of the property in China. Even the interest rates have been increased by the banks of China and the central banks have imposed limitations for the home purchases. As the national income of the country has increased, the potential buyers have also increased and, as a result, the business of luxury fashion accessories has a great market potential in China (Chen, Chen and Gong, 2012). The cultural and social factors of China has a strong impact on the constant demographical changes of China. The factors that fluctuate mostly are the growth in population and the distribution of age. The social culture, the size of the family, educational background, the personality, lifestyle, the attitude of the people affects the decision taken by the customer (Hassan et al., 2013). Technological breakthroughs plays a very important role in the promotion and expansion of business. E-commerce has now become the favorite mode of shopping of the customers or rather the local people of China. The internet, the Extranet and Intranet have become important and hence very useful methods of communication among the people. Internet and telecommunications through mobile proves to be very useful in creating an awareness of the product, promoting the product, getting direct feedback from the customers about the product, etc. There is a chief technological trouble in China about the growth of the B2C industry as it fails to have a safe and secure system for online payment. Environmental All the companies in the China have been given special instructions to be environmental friendly; any product that is found to be hazardous for the environment is banned in the China. Therefore, all the waste products should be treated before dumping and the carbon content of the waste products should be minimized as much as possible (Makos, 2015). Legal The legal rules and regulations of China relating to the e-commerce is still at its budding stage in China. China lacks experience in the drafting of legislations relating to the e-commerce. The country does not have any regulations to support the privacy, rights of the customers and legislations required to validate the electronic contracts. Porters Five Force Model Relating To International Marketing Porters five force model is a method for determining and analyzing the micro environmental factors of the relevant industry in this the relevant business is that of luxury fashion accessories in the proposed potential market of China. This following analysis is done using the method of Porters five force model Probable threat of the New Entrants As the luxury fashion accessories are in a great demand in China the probability of new brands entering the market is very high and the most important barriers to their entry is the economies of scale, cost effectiveness, access to the raw-materials as well as other inputs and the already established brands are also big threat for the new entrants. Analysis of the capacity of bargaining of the Buyers This force focuses on the power of customers to affect the pricing and quality of the product. In the Chinese market the number of sellers as well as the number of buyers are huge and hence the bargaining power of the buyers is not that effective as does not affect the price and quality of the products especially in the business relating to the luxury fashion accessories as the demand for these products are huge in China (Lu et al., 2013). Analysis of the capacity of bargaining of the Suppliers The suppliers in the Chinese market especially in the business of the luxury fashion accessories have low bargaining power as the number of suppliers are very large as the result they have little effect on the pricing of the products. Competition between the accessible firms The competitive rivalry between the existing companies is very high. Although the customers are not loyal to a particular brand they like to switch their loyalty towards other brands and hence all the brands have equal opportunities to set up their business and attract more and more customers with the help of random advertisements and by using unique promotional strategy. The threat of competition from the substitute products Substitute products are a major factor of concern for the company. The relevant price of the products, quality of the substitute product and also switching loyalty of the customers towards a brand will pose a threat to the new business trying to establish their business in China (Woo, 2013). Researched and Proposed Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning Strategy The following is the proposed segmentation, targeting and positioning strategy Segmentation is all about dividing the market in terms of likes and dislikes of people, in terms of geography, in terms behaviour, etc. The life style of people, social class to which they belong, their income group, age, gender, family size, psychographic, generation, etc. all needs to be analysed carefully for segmentation. The primary market includes the modern or urban females, while the secondary market includes the modern or urban males (Kang, 2012). The company should increase the product range so that it can approach the older people as well. For the new company psychographic which includes personality and lifestyle, demographic and segmentation based on income will be most important. Targeting The target market or the target customers for the business of luxury fashion accessories are the females within the age group of 18-38 as females and mostly the young females are more attracted towards the accessories than the males. Young professionals including males are also interested in luxury fashion accessories and hence they are also included in the target market (Jiang and Cova, 2012). Positioning The Company should position itself as a young, trendy, sophisticated and elegant brand to attract young college goers and office goers. The advertisements and promotional campaigns should also contain that the company provides quality products that are in line with the evolving fashion so that the young customers are attracted towards the brand (Bouchamma,Ruel and Basque, 2012). Recommended And Justified Market Entry Strategy China is among the top consumers of the luxury goods in the global market and is expected to become the topmost within a few years. Entering the market of China is not only very risky but also is accompanied by many risks and yet no luxury fashion accessories producer can become a global supplier without the presence of the Chinese market. For entering the Chinese market the following factors must be taken into account marketing strategy for the product, creation of a brand and hence creation of an identity, proper communication channels which includes retailers, licensing, technology, etc. The supply chain management and logistics plays a very important for a company for entering a new market (Arline, 2015). The choice of the product design is very important to create a unique identity of the brand; it provides information about the company to the customers. The distribution channels have a great impact on the establishment of the business. The strategies for distribution include i ntermediaries that are wholesalers, retailers, etc., joint ventures with a local company that is a China based company, mergers, subsidiaries, etc. Strong financial resources are also essential for the stable set up of the new business. The country from which the company belongs to or originated from also matters a lot for the people of China, as the Chinese people love purchasing luxury goods belonging to foreign brands and hence foreign goods are very demanding in China and as the new company has its base in UK it is expected to do well in the Chinese market (Horichi, Isobe and Mogi, 2010). Fig 3 Market share and growth rates of luxury sales in China Source:- (Sivakumar, 2012) Recommended Marketing Mix For The Proposed Market The recommended marketing mix for the proposed market that is China is as follows Product As the products of the new company are not unique hence the design and styling of the products must be unique to attract customers and must continuously augment themselves to retain customers. Wider range of products should be made available to the customers who should be exclusive in nature so that wider range of customers could be attracted or rather approached (Benghozi, Krob and Rowe, 2013). Price A varied price ranged products must be able to customers so that the customers belonging to different income groups can easily afford them. Price should not be a barrier especially for a new company entering a market. A varied range of price is also helpful in dealing with the already established brands as well as the substitute products. Place- The place chosen should be such so as to ensure continuous availability of the target audience so that the product is available to the customers. It includes shopping malls or shops near colleges and offices. Shops near the tourist spots or the heritage spots of China can also prove to be profitable for the company. Promotion The promotional strategies should be innovative and unique so as to attract the younger generation. The young rock stars, movie stars, or any of the youth icons can be appointed as the brand ambassador for promoting the brand. The internet and mobile telecommunication should be as a medium for advertisement (Khan, 2013). Conclusion It can be concluded from the above report that there are huge prospects of growth especially for the luxury fashions accessories or luxury goods for the market of China. Although the prospects of earning profit in the market of China are very limited as there are a number of companies offering luxury fashion accessories and, as a result, the market of China is very competitive and the product offered by the new company is also not innovative. In this case, the company should stylize its products innovatively and must ensure continuous innovation of products to sustain in the market and also to earn the profit. Unique promotional strategies and advertisement campaign should be used to promote the product and create brand awareness among the target audience. Proper distributive channels and medium of communication should be used as they play a very important role in the establishment of a new company. Special discounts and other such offers should be made to attract the customers. It i s very important for the company to enter the market of China in order to develop business overseas and hence the recommended strategies must be implemented in order to enter the market of China, sustain there for a longer period of time and also gain profit. References 1. Arline, K. (2015). https://www.supplymanagement.com. [online] Available at: https://www.businessnewsdaily.com [Accessed 31 Jul. 2015]. 2. Benghozi, P., Krob, D. and Rowe, F. (2013). Digital Enterprise Design and Management 2013. Berlin: Springer. 3. Bouchamma, Y., Ruel, C. and Basque, M. (2012). Writing Performance, Practices and Locus of Control of the Five Linguistic Groups in Canada. Creative Education, 03(08), pp.1384-1389. 4. Chattalas, M. and Shukla, P. (2015). Impact of value perceptions on luxury purchase intentions: a developed market comparison. Luxury Research J., 1(1), p.40. 5. Chen, Q., Chen, D. and Gong, Y. (2012). An empirical analysis of dynamic relationship between stock market and bond market based on information shocks. China Finance Review Intl, 2(3), pp.265-285. 6. Hassan, L., Shaw, D., Shiu, E., Walsh, G. and Parry, S. (2013). Uncertainty in ethical consumer choice: a conceptual model. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 12(3), pp.182-193. 7. Horichi, A., Isobe, K. and Mogi, G. (2010). Optimum Strategy and Defensive Investment of Firm in Duopoly Market: Strategy Analysis of Manufacturing Industry under Competition. Journal of Real Options and Strategy, 3(2), pp.205-225. 8. Jiang, L. and Cova, V. (2012). Love for Luxury, Preference for Counterfeits A Qualitative Study in Counterfeit Luxury Consumption in China. IJMS, 4(6). 9. Kang, O. (2012). 1 UPPSALA UNIVERSITY Department of Business Studies Master Thesis Spring Semester 2012 Consumer Behavior and Marketing Strategies in the D uty F ree Market. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.diva-portal.org [Accessed 31 Jul. 2015]. 10. Khan, O. (2013). How to crack china's luxury market. [online] Available at: https://www.supplymanagement.com [Accessed 31 Jul. 2015]. 11. Lu, W., Ye, K., Flanagan, R. and Jewell, C. (2013). Developing Construction Professional Services in the International Market: SWOT Analysis of China. Journal of Management in Engineering, 29(3), pp.302-313. 12. mMacintosh, G. and Stevens, C. (2013). Individual differences in opportunistic claiming behavior. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 12(1), pp.10-19. 13. Makos, J. (2015). PEST Analysis of China. [online] Available at: https://pestleanalysis.com/ [Accessed 31 Jul. 2015]. 14. Pukorit, N. and Zitkus, L. (2013). Consumer Behaviour And Its Influence On Consumer Rights Violations. EurInsStud, 0(7). 15. Salonen, A. (2011). Service transition strategies of industrial manufacturers. Industrial Marketing Management, 40(5), pp.683-690. 16. Sivakumar, S. (2012). Luxury China: Market Opportunities and Potential20122M. Chevalier and P. Lu. Luxury China: Market Opportunities and Potential . Singapore: John Wiley Sons (Asia) Pte. Ltd 2010. S Asian Jnl of Global Bus Res, 1(2), pp.314-317. 17. Smith, C. (n.d.). SWOT in Marketing Analysis. [online] Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com [Accessed 31 Jul. 2015]. 18. Walley, K. and Li, C. (2014). The market for luxury brands in China: Insight based on a study of consumers perceptions in Beijing. J Brand Manag, 22(3), pp.246-260. 19. Woo, L. (2013). Flash sale marketing. [Pomona, [Calif.]: California State Polytechnic University, Pomona]. 20. LI, B. (2012). Analysis of Business Opportunities for Luxury Brands in Second - tier Cities in China. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.politesi.polimi.it [Accessed 30 Jul. 2015].

Comparison of Romantic Poets Regarding Their Description of Arts in Their Poetry Essay Example For Students

Comparison of Romantic Poets Regarding Their Description of Arts in Their Poetry Essay Romanticism, particularly, gives the essence of aestheticism, highly subjective approach, emotional intensity and dreamlike or visionary quality. It was the â€Å"greatest single shift in the consciousness of the West† (Berlin). The poets belonging to that era maintained this quintessence and their poetry depicted the same qualities and ideals. The beautiful, creative and imaginative words written in the praise of the beauty of art heightened the romantic effect of their poetry. This contemporary literary essay will highlight the depiction of art by some of the famous poets of Romantic Age like Wordsworth, Coleridge, Keats and Shelley. By deeply looking into their poetry this essay will portray a comparative study of the above mentioned poets. In the Eighteenth century, Britain saw a great tilt of interest among people towards landscape. This urged the Romantic poets to get influenced by landscape and their admiration towards it in their poetry. Wordsworth â€Å"was influenced by picturesque, he read books regarding aesthetic principle of various guide books†(Nicola). Wordsworth is continuously, â€Å"from the green fields, from yon azure sky† (4) appreciating landscape along with the recollection of ideas in his most personal and localized poem, The Prelude. Similarly, in Tintern Abbey ,the poet’s eyes are strolling and gazing to the enchanting landscape of â€Å"plots of cottage –ground, these orchard-tufts Which at this season, with their unripe fruits Are clad in one green hue, and lose themselves Mid groves and copses† (11-14). Coleridge, Keats and Shelley were close observers of landscape like Wordsworth. Walter Pater appreciates Coleridge’s love for landscape by saying that he had a â€Å"highly sensitive apprehension of the external aspects of nature.† The landscape in Kubla Khan is visualized and delineated with great firmness: â€Å"And here were gardens bright with sinuous rills Where blossomed many an incense-bearing tree; And here were forests ancient as the hills, Enfolding sunny spots of greenery† (6-10) Keats, similarly describes the mesmerizing landscape by describing flowers like â€Å"hawthorn†, â€Å"eglantine†, â€Å"violets† and â€Å"musk-roses† in his poem â€Å"Ode to Nightingale†. Likewise, Shelley’s love for landscape can been seen in â€Å"Ode to the West Wind†; â€Å"The sea-blooms and the oozy woods which wear The sapless foliage of the ocean† (39-40). Medievalism also held a great importance for Romantic Poets. Romanticism was quite impressed by the glamour of Middle Ages. The lure for the past and especially Medievalism can be seen in the poetry of all Romantic poets. The name of Wordsworth’s poem, Tintern Abbey, shows his love for architecture. Abbeys and Cathedrals could easily be counted into medieval architecture. Coleridge gave a supernatural touch to his poetry by inducing a medieval tinge. The word ‘ancient’ (1) in the opening line of the The Rime of Ancient Mariner not only refers to the old age of the Mariner but also to the old times. Similarly, the opening lines of the poem Kubla Khan takes us to the distant times, mostly middle ages, to the remote and unknown place â€Å"Xanadu†(1). Keats was also a great lover of Medievalism. His poem Ode on a Grecian Urn shows a kind of ‘courtly love for the Grecian Urn’ (Lang) which was one very famous aspect of Medieval Ages. Portrayal of imagery was the most significant and pivotal thing for all of the Romantic Poets. Their love for the images and art glorified their poetry. Wordsworth had a great love for sensuous and pastoral imagery as already mentioned above. By using this kind of imagery, he not showed his love for the nature but he also recollected thoughts of his childhood in which he praised the nature in The Prelude; .u4e3d334122e9fadca92da6421034ef94 , .u4e3d334122e9fadca92da6421034ef94 .postImageUrl , .u4e3d334122e9fadca92da6421034ef94 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4e3d334122e9fadca92da6421034ef94 , .u4e3d334122e9fadca92da6421034ef94:hover , .u4e3d334122e9fadca92da6421034ef94:visited , .u4e3d334122e9fadca92da6421034ef94:active { border:0!important; } .u4e3d334122e9fadca92da6421034ef94 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4e3d334122e9fadca92da6421034ef94 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4e3d334122e9fadca92da6421034ef94:active , .u4e3d334122e9fadca92da6421034ef94:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4e3d334122e9fadca92da6421034ef94 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4e3d334122e9fadca92da6421034ef94 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4e3d334122e9fadca92da6421034ef94 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4e3d334122e9fadca92da6421034ef94 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4e3d334122e9fadca92da6421034ef94:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4e3d334122e9fadca92da6421034ef94 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4e3d334122e9fadca92da6421034ef94 .u4e3d334122e9fadca92da6421034ef94-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4e3d334122e9fadca92da6421034ef94:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Comparison Contrast Between. Reggae and Bluegrass Essayâ€Å"The orange sky of evening died away, Not seldom from the uproar I retired Into a silent bay† (446-448). Coleridge had a great interest in colourful and luminar imagery. In The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, he used words like â€Å"ice as green as emerald†, â€Å"fog-smoke white†, â€Å"yellow locks† andâ€Å"white as leprosy†. Keats was inspired by the charm of Greek Art sculptures. The Ode on Grecian Urn contains a series of sensuous pictures of passionate men and gods chasing recultant maidens, the flute players playing ecstatic music, the fair youth trying to kiss his beloved and the ecstasy of the passion of love and youth is beautifully depicted; â€Å"More happy love! More happy love! For ever warm and still to be enjoy’d, For ever panting, and for ever young.† (27-29) In Ode to Nightingale, Keats expresses his passionate desire for some Provencal wine from the fountain of the Muses; â€Å"O, for a draught of vintage! That hath been Cool’d a long age in the deep-delved earth, Tasting of Flora and the country green, Dance, and Provencal song, and sunburnt mirth! O for a beaker full of the warm South, Full of the true, the blushful Hippocrene† (11-16). Equally, Shelley in his Ode to the West Wind, drew clear and vivid imagery like ‘dead leaves’, ‘yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red’ and‘The Aeolian Harp’, ‘The West Wind’ etc. By using such imagery, he shows his desire for the revival of the Golden Age, his radical thoughts, â€Å"his rhapsodic and declamatory tendencies† according to Mary Shelley. Musicality and Lyricism was another aspect that defined Romanticism. Wordsworth’s Prelude and Tintern Abbey showed a specific kind of melancholic music which is â€Å"still, sad music of humanity† (Byron). H.D. Trill regards Coleridge â€Å"as a singer†. He shares a deep love for music. The second part of Kubla Khan described a damsel playing on a dulcimer which is itself a piece of exquisite music. This depiction shows that Coleridge was in favour of loud and long music. In Ode to Nightingale, Keats’s love for music can be seen because his heart aches and his body is benumbed as he hears the song of nightingale. By the above mentioned deep and thorough analysis of poetry of the famous Romantic poets Wordsworth, Coleridge, Keats and Shelley shows that their phenomenon and tilt regarding landscape, architecture, imagery and musicality illustrates the spirit of Romanticism and also their love for art.

Hel Essay Research Paper pepsico By deepmer free essay sample

Hel Essay, Research Paper pepsico By: deepmer Electronic mail: deepmer @ hotmail.com 1. Introduction: 1 What is PEPSICO? 1 Brief History of PEPSICO 1 Business Segments 1 Frito-Lay 1 Pepsi-Cola Company 2 Tropicana 3 2. Company Analysis: 4 External Analysis 4 PEST Analysis: 4 Porter? s Diamond: 5 Five Forces 8 Internal Analysis 9 Porter? s Value Chain 9 Boston Consulting Group 12 Financial Analysis 13 SWOT 14 Strength 14 Weakness 14 Opportunities 14 Menaces 15 3. Decisions 15 Marketing 15 General 15 4. Recommendations 16 Bibliography 17 Appendix 17 Appendix I 17 Appendix II 17 Appendix III 17 Appendix IV 17 Appendix V 17 Appendix VI 17 1. Introduction: What is PEPSICO? PepsiCo is one of the most successful drink and bite nutrient concern in the universe. The company consist of: Frito Lay Co. , Pepsi-Cola Co. , and Tropicana Products. Brief History of PEPSICO PepsiCo was funded in 1965 by Donald M. Kendall Pepsi-Cola president, and Herman W. Lay, president of Frito-Lay. Caleb Bradham, a New Bern, N.C. druggist, created pepsi-Cola in 1890. Frito-Lay, Inc. was formed by t he 1961 amalgamation of the Frito Company, founded by Elmer Doolin in 1932, and the H. We will write a custom essay sample on Hel Essay Research Paper pepsico By deepmer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page W. Lay Company, founded by Herman W. Lay, besides in 1932. In 1998 PepsiCo acquires Tropicana Products from Seagram Company Ltd. Anthony Rossi founded Tropicana in 1947. Business Sections Frito-Lay Frito-Lay, Inc was funded in 1961, by unifying of The Frito Company and H.W. Lay Company. Today, Frito-Lay brands history for 40 % of the universe, snack bit industry, and 56 % of the U.S. industry. Often, Frito-Lay Company merchandises are known by local names ( Matutano in Spain, Walkers in the United Kingdom and others. ) Major Frito-Lay Company merchandises: # 8211 ; Lay # 8217 ; s Potato Chips # 8211 ; Baked Lay # 8217 ; s Potato Chips # 8211 ; Ruffles Potato Chips # 8211 ; Doritos Tortilla Chips # 8211 ; Tostitos Tortilla Chips # 8211 ; Baked Tostitos # 8211 ; Santitas Tortilla Chips # 8211 ; Fritos Corn Chips # 8211 ; Cheetos Cheese Flavoured Snacks # 8211 ; Rold Gold Pretzels # 8211 ; Funyons Onion Flavoured Rings # 8211 ; Sun french friess Multigrain Snacks # 8211 ; Cracker Jacks # 8211 ; Chester # 8217 ; s Popcorn # 8211 ; Grandma # 8217 ; s Cookies # 8211 ; Munchos Potato Chips # 8211 ; Smart nutrient Popcorn # 8211 ; Baken-ets Fried Pork Skins # 8211 ; Frito-Lay Dips A ; Salsa # 8211 ; Sabritas Potato Chips # 8211 ; 3D # 8217 ; s # 8211 ; Smiths Potato Crisps # 8211 ; Walkers Potato Crisps Pepsi-Cola Company Caleb Bradham founded pepsi-Cola in 1890. Brand Pepsi and other Pepsi-Cola merchandises account for about tierce of entire soft drink gross revenues in the United States, a consumer market numbering about $ 58 billion. Outside the United States, Pepsi-Cola drinks are available in approximately 160 states. Today Pepsi-Cola merchandises account for about a one-fourth of all soft drinks sold internationally. The company has besides established operations in the emerging markets of the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Russia, where Pepsi-Cola was the first U.S. consumer merchandise to be marketed. Pepsi-Cola prov ides advertisement, selling, gross revenues and promotional support to Pepsi-Cola bottlers and nutrient service clients. This includes some of the universe # 8217 ; s best and most recognized advertisement. New advertisement and exciting publicities maintain Pepsi-Cola trade names immature. Pepsi-Cola Company merchandises: # 8211 ; Pepsi-Cola # 8211 ; Diet Pepsi # 8211 ; Pepsi One # 8211 ; Mountain Dew # 8211 ; Slice # 8211 ; Mug Root Beer # 8211 ; Mug Cr? me # 8211 ; All Sport # 8211 ; Lipton Teas ( Partnership ) # 8211 ; Aquafina Water # 8211 ; Frappuccino Coffee Drink # 8211 ; Mirinda # 8211 ; 7UP ( outside the U.S. merely ) # 8211 ; Fruit Works # 8211 ; Pepsi Max Tropicana Anthony Rossi founded Tropicana in 1947. The company entered the dressed ore orange juice concern in 1949, registering Tropicana as a hallmark. In 1954 Rossi pioneered a pasteurization procedure for orange juice. For the first clip, consumers could bask the gustatory sensation of pure not-from- concentrate 100 % Florida orange juice in a ready-to-serve bundle. The company went public in 1957, was purchased by Beatrice Foods Co. in 1978, acquired by Kohlberg Kravis A ; Roberts in 1986 and sold to The Seagram Company Ltd. in 1988. Seagram purchased the Dole planetary juice concern in 1995. PepsiCo acquired Tropicana, including the Dole juice concern, in August 1998. Today, Tropicana is the universe # 8217 ; s largest seller and manufacturer of branded juices with merchandises available in 50 states worldwide. Tropicana merchandises: # 8211 ; Tropicana Pure Premium # 8211 ; Tropicana Season # 8217 ; s Best # 8211 ; Dole Juices # 8211 ; Tropicana Twister. # 8211 ; Hitchcock # 8211 ; Looza # 8211 ; Copella. 2. Company Analysis: External Analysis PEST Analysis: The Pest Analysis identifies the political, economical, societal a technological influences on an organisation. Political influences: # 8211 ; The production distribution and usage of many of PepsiCo merchandis e are capable to assorted federal Torahs, such as the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, the Occupational Safety and Health Act ad the Americans with Disabilities. # 8211 ; The concerns are besides capable to province, local and foreign Torahs. # 8211 ; The international concerns are capable to the Government stableness in the states where PepsiCo is seeking acquire into ( developing markets ) . # 8211 ; The federal, province, local and foreign environmental Torahs and ordinances. # 8211 ; The concerns are besides capable to de revenue enhancement policy in each state they are runing. # 8211 ; They besides have to follow with federal, province, local and foreign environmental Torahs and ordinances. Economic influences: # 8211 ; The companies are capable to the crop of the natural stuff that they use in their bite nutrients, soft drink and juice, like maize, oranges, Citrus paradisi, veggies, murphies, etc. # 8211 ; Because of they rely on trucks to travel and administer many of the ir merchandises, fuel is besides an of import topic, so they are capable to the fuel award fluctuation, and to possible fuel crisis. # 8211 ; Operating in International Markets involves exposure to volatile motions in foreign exchange rates. The economic impact of foreign exchange rates motions on them is complex because such alterations are frequently linked to variableness in existent growing, rising prices, involvement rates, governmental actions and other factors. # 8211 ; PepsiCo is besides capable to other economical factors like money supply, energy handiness and cost, concern rhythms, etc. Sociocultural influences: # 8211 ; PepsiCo and furthermore Pepsi is capable to the lifestyle alterations, because of it bases her advertisement runs in a concrete sort of people with an particular life style, it is for that PepsiCo has to pay a particular attending on the lifestyle alterations. # 8211 ; Particularly in the United States Pepsi drinkers are really defined, there is a sor t of people who drinks Pepsi another sort who drinks Coca-Cola, it is for that they have to pay attending to the societal mobility for non losing a possible market. # 8211 ; Taking into history that PepsiCo is seeking to present itself in developing markets, they have to be careful with the possible jobs with the authoritiess of this states, and with the jobs could lift from PepsiCo act with the people of this states. Technological influences: # 8211 ; PepsiCo is capable to new techniques of fabrication, for their three concern sectors, bite nutrient, juices and soft drinks. # 8211 ; It has to pay attending to the new distribution techniques. # 8211 ; And they have to repair their attending in the competency developed, to cognize about the new merchandises. Porter? s Diamond: The Porter? s Diamond Analysis tries to explicate the Competitive Advantage of Nations. There are four properties of a state comprise Porter? s Diamond of national advantage, they are: Factor Conditionss: T he basic factor conditions are natural resources, clime, location, the more advanced factor conditions are skilled labour, substructure and engineering. There are some of these factors that can be obtained by any company ( like unskilled labor and natural stuffs ) and, therefore, do non bring forth sustained competitory advantage. Even though, we have to take into history that specialized factors involve a heavy and sustained investing, we have to cognize that if we are able to accomplish them, we could bring forth a competitory advantage. Some of the factor conditions PepsiCo has to take into history, in each state where they want to present are # 8211 ; Unemployment. # 8211 ; Interest rate. ( Short term, long term ) . # 8211 ; Labour statute law. Demand Conditionss: We have to cognize that the nature of a state demand makes PepsiCo dependant on them. For illustration if in one state exists a sophisticated demand, these clients pressure houses to be competitory. Is for that, hou ses that face a sophisticate domestic market are likely to sell superior merchandises because the market demands high quality and a close propinquity to such clients enable the house to better understand the demands of the clients, in the same manner it is easier distribute their houses in the planetary market. Some of the demand conditions PepsiCo has to take into history en the states where they want to present are: # 8211 ; Expectation of clients. # 8211 ; GNP A ; RPI. # 8211 ; Competitive research ( tendencies ) # 8211 ; And with rivals are established in the state. Related and Supporting Industries: For any company it is truly of import the Related and Supporting Industry. Knowing who are the scope of providers, and the related industries, is necessary for make up ones minding where we have to put our company. In some instances the concentration of related and back uping industries provoke the concentration of the similar industries in the same countries. Some advantages a nd disadvantages of turn uping close to your challenger may be: Some advantages to turn uping close to your challengers may be: o Potential engineering cognition spillovers, o An association of a part on the portion of consumers with a merchandise and high quality and hence some market power, or o An association of a part on the portion of applicable labour force. Some disadvantages to turn uping close to your challengers are: o Potential poaching of your employees by rival companies and o Obvious addition in competition perchance diminishing mark-ups. Firm Strategy, Structure A ; Rivalry: Refering to the scheme and the construction of the house, they would be conditioned by the tradition of the state. There are different direction manners in each state, and besides they vary depending on the industry. PepsiCo has to analyze the different manners of direction, for moving in the best manner in each state, accommodating its scheme and its construction every bit far as possible. Equal ly far as possible the competition, in general is better the national than the international. In the instance of PepsiCo ( Pepsi ) ; for them it is more advisable that when they are presenting in a new market, its chief challenger ( Coca-Cola ) non be positioned or at least it is non to absolute leader of the market. Five Forces We do the same analysis for the three different markets of PepsiCo: the soft drink market, the bites market and the chilled orange juice market. We treated the three markets as a the same industry, with some exclusions as the competency The menace of entry Established brands with a batch of experience in the market that a have a good channel of distribution. The trade names deliver the merchandises straight to the supermarket, this means that is necessary a large company construction ( lorries, warehouses, bring forthing workss, etc. ) to get at retail merchants and supermarkets, all of this requires a large investing of money. Suppliers Well looks that at f irst sight, providers are non a job because it? s easy to happen murphies, maize and oil providers. The job that we find here is the possibility of variableness of monetary values in the natural stuffs caused for illustration by a bad twelvemonth of harvest home, or there is another gasoline crisis. Besides in some states that have non petrol usually fuel gasoline is more expensive and the fuel providers have an oligopoly of the market. Buyers Sing that purchasers are the concluding consumers, we can state that in this markets the consumers get used at one sort of gustatory sensation, and they have this merchandises for the importance of the trade name, it? s a selling issue as good. Substitutes In these three markets is rather hard to happen replacements. More than substitutes we can speak more of manner, tendencies, or costumier? s gustatory sensations. Suddenly people stop has orange juice for breakfast and take more milk or java in forenoons. It? s rather hard to happen a replac ement for these merchandises because usually the people get used at one sort of gustatory sensation of Cola for illustration, so is really hard to seek to accommodate the populace to a new Cola. Competitive Rivalry Well these three markets are truly full of competition. First there is the Cola market where Coca-Cola owns an unbelievable 51 % market portion, followed far off Pepsi with a 21 % of market portion, is really hard to perforate in this market. Then there is the Bite market where Lays have the 40% of market share, the second most important brand is Procter (P), in this market the shares are more distributed, but still being two majors competitors that have most of the market. An at the last we have the orange Juice market, this maybe is the most open market, there is a lot of competence and there is not a major brand that controls all the market. There are three important brands that have more market share, like Tropicana Coca-Cola Company and Chiquita. Internal Analysis Porter?s Value Chain Primary activities Inbound logistics Because the company is in a competitive environment is not possible to recover the increasing costs with a higher pricing of the final products. For this reason PepsiCo have special way to purchase the raw materials. They use ?futures contracts? for cover different fluctuation in the raw material market (Primarily oil, corn, fuel, etc.) is like speculate with the market. Operations In Orange juice products, they only use non-concentrate orange juice for creates a very tasty and healthy product completely natural. Pepsi they just create the liquid that is sold to the bottlers, these bottlers then they can the liquid and then is sold to the costumers. PepsiCo owns at same time shares from the four bottlers companies. In fact in the past PepsiCo owned Pepsi Bottling Group, and had as a franchise Pepcom industries INC companies. Outbound logistics PepsiCo use the system ?direct store distribution?. This implies that PepsiCo products are delivered to the retailer and put it directly to the shelves, this provide a great business control to PepsiCo, and reduce work to the retailers and that fact give more advantage over most competitors. Marketing and sales This is a very powerful tool that PepsiCo use. It would be developed in another chapter. Service We can consider that the service that makes PepsiCo value is the ?direct store distribution? explained before. Support activities Procurement Here PepsiCo uses economies of scale. Also the raw materials are bought in future contract to prevent higher costs in the future because the high prices of the raw materials. Technology development More than Technology development we can talk of costumer preferences. Is very important to know what the costumers prefers and wants, then is necessary to study the costumers? behaviour. For example Tropicana Twister shelf-stable juice products had a very important volume growth because the PepsiCo relaunched the brand in 1.75 plastic bottles instead of smaller glass bottles. This provides to the costumers more value and convenience. Human resources management Benefits At PepsiCo’s Worldwide Headquarters Compensation Highly competitive salaries ? Bonus opportunities at many levels ? Eligibility for stock options for almost all positions Benefits Flexible benefit options include: ? Medical ? Dental ? Vision/Hearing ? Life Insurance ? Accident Insurance ? Long-Term Disability Insurance ? Group Le gal Services ? Health Care Reserve Account ? Dependent Care Reserve Account Stock Options. The PepsiCo stock option plan is called SharePower. Here are some of the details: ? Once eligible, you receive PepsiCo stock options normally each year based on at least 10% of your prior year’s earnings. ? Share Power stock options let you purchase shares of PepsiCo stock in the future at a set price. ? You make money if the stock price goes up and you stay with the Company. ? The longer you work for the Company, the more stock options you get. Share Power is one way for PepsiCo employees to share in the success that they create. Future Financial Security A Pension Plan fully paid for by the Company. ? A 401(k) Plan which allows you to save up to 15% of your pay on a pre-tax basis and invest in any publicly traded stock or bond or in any of over 200 mutual funds. ? A stock purchase program, allowing you to purchase PepsiCo stock through payroll deductions, with no fees or commissions. Additional Benefits In addition, PepsiCo’s portfolio of benefits includes such valuable programs as: ? Tuition Reimbursement ? Educational Loans ? Discount Car Purchase Program ? Matching Charitable Contributions ? Adoption Assistance ? Vacation Time ? And More Firm infrastructure Executive officers Co-Founder PepsiCo Corporate Officers (Roger A. Enrico) Principal Divisions and Officers Pepsi-Cola Company Frito-Lay Company Tropicana Products, Inc. Boston Consulting Group a) Frito-Lays; this product is a Cash Cow for PepsiCo; it generates more cash than it needs to maintain its share market. Frito-Lays is the leader of its market, and it has its principal competitor very far in the market share. PepsiCo should maintain this product, in the same way, and invest its profits in other company products. b) Tropicana; it is a question mark for PepsiCo, it is, due to, it is a new acquisition, and although it is a product leader in its market, PepsiCo has to invest in Tropicana for ac hieving a bigger market share, and for trying to increase the international market share. c) Pepsi; it is very difficult place to Pepsi, in one of the squares, because in spite of it generates more cash than it needs to maintain its share market, it is not the leader of its market, and we can neither considerate it as a star product, because of the same reason, them it probably could be place, in the middle of the matrix. Financial Analysis PepsiCo had reduce the total net sales in 2,000 millions $ during the 1999, this was due to PepsiCo sold the bottling company. But at same time the total sales from the three Business (Snacks, Soft Drinks, Orange Juice) had increase in 4,000 millions $. This means that the company his growing in the markets. Because the selling of the bottling Company the total cost and expenses reduced in 2,000 millions of $. Because the reduced costs and the growth of the net sales in the Snacks, soft drinks, and Orange juice, the company had at the end of the 1999 more profit. (Source: 1999 Annual report of PepsiCo) Resuming PepsiCo had in 1999 a total net income of 2,050 millions $ more or less the same as at 1997 (2,142 millions of $), but with the difference that in 1999 they stop earning money with the bottling company. This means now the company generates more profit. (Source: 1999 Annual report of PepsiCo) Is necessary to emphasise as well that PepsiCo reduced a lot one of the big loans that he had due to PepsiCo didn?t has the necessity of borrowing money. The loan had an amount of 4,53 millions $ and was reduced to 1,55 millions $ in 1999. (Source: 1999 Annual report of PepsiCo) As the PepsiCo?s Web page said: PepsiCo’s earnings per share jumped 17% in the third quarter ended September 2; to $.40 from a pro forma $.34 in the prior year, the fourth consecutive double-digit gain. Revenues grew 7% to $4.9 billion, reflecting strong volume growth in worldwide snacks and juices. Operating profit grew 12% to $826 million as ever y division generated double-digit growth. Roger Enrico, chairman, said: â€Å"Four consecutive quarters of double-digit EPS growth confirm that PepsiCo today is strong and getting stronger. We are fulfilling our goal of delivering healthy earnings gains generated by volume growth across our portfolio?. This means the company is going well but is not offering more dividends to the shareholders, after some bad years now the company is having n important growing. And this will be reflected in the dividends during the next years. SWOT Strength PepsiCo nowadays it is a very strong Company with no financial problems, and with three important brands. Where Frito-Lays is a very Strong brand, World leader in sells in the world snack chip industry, with a 40% of the market share. (Source 1999 PepsiCo Annual report) In the last 3 years the company had increase his sales (without bottling operations) in a 33% since 1997. (Source 1999 PepsiCo Annual report) Weakness Pepsi maybe is one of the we akness of PepsiCo, due that is really far away from the leader Coca-Cola in the international market. Pepsi-Cola is the second largest soft drink Company with a 21% of volume, far from the terrific 51% of volume of Coca-Cola. The net sales of PepsiCo had increase in the last 3 years, this is important but is necessary to say that is due the increase in sales only in USA, PepsiCo didn?t growth so much in the international market, what is happening then that only growing in USA. Opportunities New markets are beginning to open in the world (China, mainly in Asia). The opportunity to enter in the markets where the competence is not established yet. For example in China, China is the country with more population in the world, enter in the Chinese market and establish there before the competence arrive can give to PepsiCo a great opportunity to success in the future. Threats The problem that in these new markets the products of PepsiCo will not have a good welcome by the Asian consumers. The flavours of the products are not really adequate for these countries. Roger Enrico will leave the direction of PepsiCo in 2 years, this can create a little situation of panic inside the Company. The increase the prices of the raw materials or the fuel can cause an increase of the costs, and in the business environment that PepsiCo live is not possible to increase the product price because is a very competitive environment. 3. Conclusions Marketing Until now PepsiCo brand image was very linked to Pepsi image, which has label of second best brand. But in the last four years, that has changed, they have tried to lost the label of ?loser?, linking its image to the rest of firms company, that have a strong brand image in their markets. They have achieve that through advertising campaigns where appeared together with other PepsiCo Brands. During the last decade Pepsi had a war with Coca-Cola, in which Pepsi always lost. In the last stage (since the arrival of Enrico) PepsiCo decides m ove away from that war, for focusing in its own problems. Another step in the new strategy was the acquisition of the leader companies in related markets, for achieving a new image of powerful and consolidated corporation. In other way PepsiCo is giving a corporation image, which is committed with subjects like racial and sex discrimination, and environmental problems. All that through the special programs focused on each area. General In the last four year PepsiCo has suffered radical changes in its internal structure and in its market strategies. All these changes were propitiated by the arrival in the direction of R. Enrico, who implemented a radical change in PepsiCo?s mentality. He made very important decisions like to come off the restaurants (Pizza Hut KFC) and the bottlers, due to they were a heavy weight for the company. Although they were come off them, they follow linked to PepsiCo through strategic alliances, it is to say, that the restaurants still sell PepsiCo product s and the bottlers follow bottling Pepsi. Moreover PepsiCo has a minority percent of share of these companies. Other important decisions that Enrico made were the strategic acquisitions of leader companies in related markets, like Tropicana and Mountain Drew. These acquired companies have given to PepsiCo as much profits as stronger company brand image of New PepsiCo. 4. Recommendations After analysing PepsiCo we have noticed that in spite of the company has increased its net product sales, that is not a real increase because the sales have increased due to the new acquisitions, and not because of the increase of the products, which already existed in the company. For this reason we recommended that, they should consolidate its old product and try to increase they sales. Another section, where we would like to make a recommendation, it is into the international section of PepsiCo, we think that they are too focused in the U.S. (although it is true that it is the market where they ha ve biggest volume of sales), but they should try to consolidate in the international markets, and as well to try to penetrate in undeveloped markets, where its competitors are not established yet (i.e. Chinese market). Bibliography Lamb Hair McDaniel (1998) Marketing. Ed. South Western. Richard Koch (1995) Guide to strategy. Ed Financial Times Pitman Publishing G. Johnson K. Scholes (1999) Exploring Corporate Strategy. Ed. Financial Times Prentice Hall J.L. Thompson (1997) Exploring Corporate Strategy. PepsiCo Annual Report (1999) http://www.pepsico.com Appendix Appendix I Appendix II Appendix III Appendix IV Appendix V Appendix VI

Comparing Brutus and Anthony in Julius Ceasar essays

Comparing Brutus and Anthony in Julius Ceasar essays There are many similarities and differences in the way that Brutus and Antony speak to their audience in their orations. In these orations, Antony and Brutus try to connect to the audience and saw them to believe what they themselves believe in relation to whether Caesar should have or should not have been slayed. Brutus approached his audience using a sense of superiority, which he credited to his feeling of loyalty towards the Romans. He began his oration by addressing the crowd with, Romans, countrymen and lovers (53) showing his order of priorities. In modern terms, he is saying people with patriotism towards Rome followed by people who work within in the country with friends being put last. This makes the speech much more impersonal, therefor having less affect on the people. On the other hand, Antony addresses his audience in a more personal manor. He says, Friends, Roman, countrymen (55) making him seem like one of the men, as tough he is friends with all. Another contrasting point is in Antonys approach toward his audience. He weeps and shows emotion to let the audience know that he is no better than they are, he has feelings and emotions in which he is not ashamed to show. However, Brutus spoke to the audience with an heir of superiority. He neither wept nor showed another other emo tion to let the common people know that he is not a man of stone. Rather, he kept attempting to justify his actions and in doing so did not allow him to truly connect with his audience. There were many similarities between the way that both Brutus and Antony spoke in their orations. They both utilized the power of repetition in order to effectively convey a point. Brutus did so in continuously saying that Caesar was ambitious and saying that ambition affected his ability to rule. Antony mocking used the word honorable (55,56,57,58,59) in describing Brutus and the conspirators. When using those words ...

The Divergence of U.S. and UK Takeover Regulation Essay

The Divergence of U.S. and UK Takeover Regulation - Essay Example In the article, there is a big difference in takeover regulation of companies in UK and US. The law of Delaware in the United States provides a peaceful condition in which the ruling board is given the mandate in the decision making of the type of tender to be issued. On the other side, United Kingdom uses a defensive tactic by targeting the ruling board. This tactic prohibits the management from interacting with other management in a peaceful manner. However, during the takeover regulation in the US, the court usually decides over tender and offers the rules concerning it. On the contrary, UK lawyers disappears when the hostile bidders launches their bids. By the use of this tactic, the UK were able to private their regime through the institutional inventors of which their counterparts could not. Though both the American and English system of corporate governance has different features, they share ownership. The hostile tactic of takeover gives priority to function as a disciplinary instrument undertaken by the management. Nevertheless, both possess different rules and regulations governing the takeover battle. Finally, the difference in approach between US and UK is relevant as it provides education leading to enhancement of the economy of the entire